Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not able to clot properly because of not enough blood-clotting proteins. Blood clotting proteins helps blood to coagulate by change it from liquid to gel form. Patient with this disorder experience prolonged bleeding or oozing following any injury or surgery.

Cause:

Hemophilia is an inherited genetic condition caused by a mutation or change in one of the genes that instruct clotting factor proteins needed to form a blood clot.

Types:

There are different types of hemophilia, but the most common are:

Hemophilia A: Caused by lack or decrease of clotting factor VIII

Hemophilia B: Caused by lack or decrease of clotting factor IX

Risk Factors:

The common risk factor is to have parent either with hemophilia or a carrier of that. Males are at high risk to have hemophilia than females.

Symptoms:

Excessive bleeding from cuts or injuries, or after any surgery.

Unusual bleeding after vaccinations

Internal bleeding might happen

Spontaneous nosebleeds are common.

Unexplained bruises

Pain in joints with swelling and tightness

Treatment:

Replacement therapy is the main treatment for severe hemophilia by replacing the clotting factor that is lack or decrease in blood. This therapy is done by injecting clotting factor concentrates into vein.

 

Reference:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemophilia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373327

https://www.healthline.com/health/hemophilia#causes

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hemophilia/facts.html